SolarPowerGuide
Solar panels on roof

Complete Step-by-Step Solar PV Installation Guide for South Africa

From site survey to final commissioning — install your grid-tied, hybrid, or off-grid system safely and efficiently. Compliant with SANS 10160, NRS 097, and SAPVIA.

Solar installation
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10
Steps
2–5
Days Install
25+
Year Lifespan
R0
Load Shedding
SANS
Compliant

Introduction

Installing a solar photovoltaic (PV) system requires careful planning, the right equipment, and attention to safety and local regulations. Proper installation ensures maximum efficiency, safety, and long-term performance.

This guide provides a step-by-step process for installing a solar PV system — from initial assessment to final commissioning — suitable for homeowners, DIY enthusiasts, and small commercial installations.

Step 1: Site Assessment and Planning

Before any installation, assess your site to determine the best location for solar panels:

  • Roof Orientation: North-facing roofs receive maximum sunlight in South Africa.
  • Structural Integrity: Ensure the roof can safely support panels and mounting hardware (min 15 kg/m²).
  • Shading: Identify trees, chimneys, or buildings — use solar pathfinder or apps like SunSeeker.
  • Energy Audit: Calculate consumption (kWh/month) to size system correctly.

Pro Tip:

Use PV*SOL or Aurora Solar for accurate shading and yield modeling.

Step 2: Selecting Equipment

Choosing the right components is crucial for system efficiency:

Core Components

  • Panels: Monocrystalline (high efficiency), Polycrystalline (cost-effective)
  • Inverters: String, Microinverters, or Hybrid (e.g., Victron, Deye)
  • Batteries: Lithium-ion (Pylontech, BYD) or Lead-acid
  • Mounting: Unirac SM, ProSolar RoofTrac (2400 Pa rated)

Optional

  • Monitoring: Victron VE.Direct, SolarEdge
  • Surge Protection: Dehn, Citel
  • DC Isolators: IMO, Santon

Step 3: Preparing the Installation Site

Prepare the roof or ground area before mounting panels:

  • Clean the roof surface or ground area (remove moss, dirt).
  • Install flashing or waterproofing where mounts attach (Sikaflex, EPDM seals).
  • Mark panel layout for optimal spacing and tilt (30° in SA).

Step 4: Mounting the Panels

Install mounting hardware according to manufacturer specifications:

  • Secure rails or mounts with proper anchors (stainless steel).
  • Use a level to ensure consistent tilt and alignment.
  • Double-check torque settings (e.g., 12–15 Nm for M8 bolts).

Step 5: Installing Solar Panels

Attach panels to the mounting system carefully:

  • Lift panels safely with adequate personnel or mechanical assistance.
  • Secure panels using mid-clamps and end-clamps.
  • Maintain proper spacing for thermal expansion and airflow (100 mm between rows).

Step 6: Electrical Wiring

Connect panels in series or parallel depending on system design:

  • Use 4mm² or 6mm² solar cable (UV-resistant, double-insulated).
  • Ensure correct polarity for each panel.
  • Install junction boxes and fuses as required.
  • Route cables neatly to the inverter location, avoiding sharp bends and exposure to UV damage.

Step 7: Installing the Inverter

The inverter converts DC power from the panels to AC power for home or business use:

  • Mount inverter on a ventilated wall or suitable location.
  • Connect DC input from panels and AC output to the distribution board.
  • Ensure proper grounding and surge protection.
  • Follow manufacturer startup procedures and safety checks.

Step 8: Battery and Energy Storage (Optional)

For systems with storage:

  • Install batteries in a ventilated, temperature-controlled location.
  • Connect batteries to a hybrid inverter or charge controller.
  • Follow safety guidelines for battery handling and maintenance.

Step 9: System Testing and Commissioning

Once installation is complete, conduct thorough testing:

  • Verify voltage and current output from panels (use multimeter).
  • Check inverter operation and error codes.
  • Test AC output to home or business circuits.
  • Ensure monitoring systems report accurate production and consumption data.

Step 10: Safety and Compliance

Compliance with South African electrical and building codes is essential:

  • Engage a licensed electrician for grid-tied connections.
  • Register the system with your local municipality and NERSA.
  • Document installation for warranty and insurance purposes.

Maintenance Tips Post-Installation

Maintaining your system ensures maximum performance:

  • Clean panels every 3–6 months (rain often sufficient in coastal areas).
  • Inspect mounts, wiring, and inverter annually.
  • Monitor system production via app — address any drop >10% immediately.

Conclusion

Installing a solar PV system requires careful planning, correct equipment selection, proper mounting, and safe electrical connections. By following this step-by-step guide, homeowners and businesses can ensure efficient, safe, and long-lasting solar energy production, maximizing both environmental and financial benefits.